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Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia

Received: 18 November 2021     Accepted: 6 December 2021     Published: 24 December 2021
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Abstract

Tef is a foremost staple cereal crop with substantial contribution in the GDP of Ethiopia. Tef grain is highly nutritious gluten-free as well as high quality forage. However, yield losses of tef due to erratic rainfall and drought are estimated to reach up to 77%. Lodging is also the major bottleneck limiting tef quality and yield losses estimated at 30% - 35%. Hence, the purpose of this research was design to evaluate, and recommend best performing tef varieties under irrigation farming system in both traditional and non-traditional tef growing areas in Ethiopia. The field experiment comprised 35 released tef varieties using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2m2 plot size were evaluated at six locations (eight environments). The result revealed highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for grain yield at all locations under irrigation. For non- traditional tef growing areas (Somali region), there was highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for all recorded traits except panicle length. This finding indicates that the lodging index in tef is reduced when it is cultivated under irrigation production. The variety by location interaction effect in Somali region showed that there were highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for plant height, days to maturity and harvest index. However, there was no interaction significant varietal difference for grain yield, above ground shoot biomass, lodging index, panicle length and days to head in the three locations of Somali region. There was no single variety demonstrating steady superiority for grain yield across all tested environments. However, variety Gamechis was the best varieties at five tested environments. Performance of tef variety in non-traditional tef growing area (Somali region) is encouraging both for small holder farmers and large-scale investors to grow tef in the area. Thus, cultivated tef in this region is crucial to ensure food security in region as well as in the country. Moreover, growing tef in non-traditional regions has vital role to get additional quality feed source for their animals where it is a major problem in the region. In addition to tef yield increment using irrigation production but may also reduce variability in production through improved control of the crop environment. Therefore, variety Gamechis, Boset, Kora and Quncho should be used under irrigation production both in non-traditional and traditional tef growing areas where the experiment was conducted and other similar agro ecological areas.

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16
Page(s) 309-315
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tef Varieties, Irrigation, Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas, Grain Yield

References
[1] Aemiro B., Caterina A, Ermias A, Yosufe G, Carol F, Mario E., Mattew D., 2020. Current and projected eco-geographical adaptation and phenotypic diversity of tef (Eragrostis tef) across its cultivation range. Agriculture, ecosystem, & Environment. Vol 300, 2020 107020, ISSN 0167-88907. Http://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107020.
[2] Araya A., Atkilt G. Tsedale D., Lucieta G., Hailay H., Amanuel Z. 2015. Assessing the impact of climate change on tef (eragrostis tef) productivity in Debre Zeit area, Ethiopia. International Journal of agricultural Science Research Vol. 4 93). pp. 039-048, 2015.
[3] Assefa, K., Yu, J. K., Zeid, M., Belay, G., Tefera, H., & Sorrells, M. E. (2011). Breeding tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) trotter]: Conventional and molecular approaches. Plant Breeding, 130 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2010.01782.x
[4] Bayable M. Tsunekaw A., Haregeweyn N., Alemayhu G, Tsuji W., Tsubo M., Adgo E., Tassew A., Ishii T., asargew F., Yield potential and variability of tef (eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) geremplasm under intensive and conventional management conditions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 220 /http://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy 11020220.
[5] Baye, K. (2014). Tef: Nutrient Composition and Health Benefit. Center for food science and nutrition, College of Natural Science. Addis Ababa University.
[6] Central Statistics agency (CSA) Sample Survey 2019/2020. Volume 1 Report on area and production of majr Crops Ethiopia, Ababa Addis, 587 Bulletin.
[7] Deressa, T. T., & Hassan, R. M. (2009). Economic impact of climate change on crop production in Ethiopia: Evidence from cross-section measures. Journal of African Economies, 18 (4), 529–554. https://doi.org/10. 1093/jae/ejp002
[8] Felix M. (2018) the impact of climate change on tef production in southeast Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics and rural development. Vol 4 (1), pp. 389-396, ISSN 2167-0477.
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[10] Hartley HO (1950). The maximum F–ratio as a short cut test for heterogeneity of variances. Biometrika 37: 308-312.
[11] Matthew Davidson, J. Evaluating teff Grass as Summer Forage; College of Agriculture Manhattan: Kansas, NY, USA, 2018.
[12] Miller, D. Teff Grass: Crop Overview and Forage Production Guide; Cal/West Seed Company: Woodland, CA, USA, 2010.
[13] SAS Institute (2002). SAS/STAT guide for personal computers, version 9.00 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
[14] Saturni L., Ferretti G. and Bacchetti T. (2010). The gluten-free diet: safety and nutritional quality. Nutri. 2: 16-34 1748–1749. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc051492
[15] Shiran B., Onn R., Valerie O., Assaf C., Nitsen G., Yarden G., Yeshoshua S. (202). Lessis more: lower sowing rate of irrigated tef (Eragrostis tef) alters plant morphology and reduce lodging. Agronomy, 10, 570: doi 10.3390/agronomy 10040570.
[16] Takele, A. (2001). Canopy temperatures and excised leaf water loss of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] cultivars under water deficit conditions at anthesis. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 49 (2), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.49.2001.2.1
[17] Tsion Fikre, Yazachew Genet, Worku Kebede, Kidist Tolossa, Solomon Chanyalew, Mengistu Demissie, Kebebew Assefa, Atinkut Fentahun, Esuyawkal Demis, Tadiyos Bayisa, Zerihun Tadele. 2020. Yield and Agronomic Performance of Selected Semi-dwarf Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Genotypes under Irrigation Farming System in Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology. Vol. 5, No. 4, 2020, pp. 112-121. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20200504.16.
[18] Worku Kebede, Yazachew Genet, Tsion Fikre, Kidist Tolosa, Solomon Chanyalew, Mengistu Demissie, Kebebew Assefa, Kidu G/Meskel, Atinkut Fantahun and Zerihun Tadele. 2020. Tef (Eragrostis tef) variety development for moisture stress areas of Ethiopia. Journal of Innovative Agriculture: 7 (4): 1-6, 2020. DOI: 10.37446/jinagri/7.4.2020.1-6.
[19] Yazachew G, Solomon Ch, Tsion F, Worku K, Kidist T, Mengistu D, Kebebew A and Habte J. 2021. Genotype by Environment Interaction and grain yield stability analysis of advance tef genotypes for high potential tef growing areas of Ethiopia. J Adv plant Sci 3: 204.
[20] Yazachew Genet, Tsion Fikre, Worku Kebede, Solomon Chanyalew, Kidist Tolosa, Kebebew Assefa. 2020. Performance of Selected Tef Genotype for High Potential Areas of Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 5, No. 3, 2020, pp. 35-42. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200503.11.
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    Yazachew Genet, Tsion Fikre, Fano Dargo, Worku Kebede, Solomon Chanyalew, et al. (2021). Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(6), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16

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    ACS Style

    Yazachew Genet; Tsion Fikre; Fano Dargo; Worku Kebede; Solomon Chanyalew, et al. Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia. J. Plant Sci. 2021, 9(6), 309-315. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16

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    AMA Style

    Yazachew Genet, Tsion Fikre, Fano Dargo, Worku Kebede, Solomon Chanyalew, et al. Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 2021;9(6):309-315. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16,
      author = {Yazachew Genet and Tsion Fikre and Fano Dargo and Worku Kebede and Solomon Chanyalew and Kidist Tolosa and Kebebw Assefa and Sewagegn Tarikegn and Esuyawkal Demis and Asaye Birhanu},
      title = {Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia},
      journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {309-315},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20210906.16},
      abstract = {Tef is a foremost staple cereal crop with substantial contribution in the GDP of Ethiopia. Tef grain is highly nutritious gluten-free as well as high quality forage. However, yield losses of tef due to erratic rainfall and drought are estimated to reach up to 77%. Lodging is also the major bottleneck limiting tef quality and yield losses estimated at 30% - 35%. Hence, the purpose of this research was design to evaluate, and recommend best performing tef varieties under irrigation farming system in both traditional and non-traditional tef growing areas in Ethiopia. The field experiment comprised 35 released tef varieties using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2m2 plot size were evaluated at six locations (eight environments). The result revealed highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for grain yield at all locations under irrigation. For non- traditional tef growing areas (Somali region), there was highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for all recorded traits except panicle length. This finding indicates that the lodging index in tef is reduced when it is cultivated under irrigation production. The variety by location interaction effect in Somali region showed that there were highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for plant height, days to maturity and harvest index. However, there was no interaction significant varietal difference for grain yield, above ground shoot biomass, lodging index, panicle length and days to head in the three locations of Somali region. There was no single variety demonstrating steady superiority for grain yield across all tested environments. However, variety Gamechis was the best varieties at five tested environments. Performance of tef variety in non-traditional tef growing area (Somali region) is encouraging both for small holder farmers and large-scale investors to grow tef in the area. Thus, cultivated tef in this region is crucial to ensure food security in region as well as in the country. Moreover, growing tef in non-traditional regions has vital role to get additional quality feed source for their animals where it is a major problem in the region. In addition to tef yield increment using irrigation production but may also reduce variability in production through improved control of the crop environment. Therefore, variety Gamechis, Boset, Kora and Quncho should be used under irrigation production both in non-traditional and traditional tef growing areas where the experiment was conducted and other similar agro ecological areas.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Performance Evaluation of Tef Varieties for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Traditional and Non-traditional Growing Areas Under Irrigation Production in Ethiopia
    AU  - Yazachew Genet
    AU  - Tsion Fikre
    AU  - Fano Dargo
    AU  - Worku Kebede
    AU  - Solomon Chanyalew
    AU  - Kidist Tolosa
    AU  - Kebebw Assefa
    AU  - Sewagegn Tarikegn
    AU  - Esuyawkal Demis
    AU  - Asaye Birhanu
    Y1  - 2021/12/24
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16
    T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    SP  - 309
    EP  - 315
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0731
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210906.16
    AB  - Tef is a foremost staple cereal crop with substantial contribution in the GDP of Ethiopia. Tef grain is highly nutritious gluten-free as well as high quality forage. However, yield losses of tef due to erratic rainfall and drought are estimated to reach up to 77%. Lodging is also the major bottleneck limiting tef quality and yield losses estimated at 30% - 35%. Hence, the purpose of this research was design to evaluate, and recommend best performing tef varieties under irrigation farming system in both traditional and non-traditional tef growing areas in Ethiopia. The field experiment comprised 35 released tef varieties using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2m2 plot size were evaluated at six locations (eight environments). The result revealed highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for grain yield at all locations under irrigation. For non- traditional tef growing areas (Somali region), there was highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for all recorded traits except panicle length. This finding indicates that the lodging index in tef is reduced when it is cultivated under irrigation production. The variety by location interaction effect in Somali region showed that there were highly significant (p < 0.001) varietal difference for plant height, days to maturity and harvest index. However, there was no interaction significant varietal difference for grain yield, above ground shoot biomass, lodging index, panicle length and days to head in the three locations of Somali region. There was no single variety demonstrating steady superiority for grain yield across all tested environments. However, variety Gamechis was the best varieties at five tested environments. Performance of tef variety in non-traditional tef growing area (Somali region) is encouraging both for small holder farmers and large-scale investors to grow tef in the area. Thus, cultivated tef in this region is crucial to ensure food security in region as well as in the country. Moreover, growing tef in non-traditional regions has vital role to get additional quality feed source for their animals where it is a major problem in the region. In addition to tef yield increment using irrigation production but may also reduce variability in production through improved control of the crop environment. Therefore, variety Gamechis, Boset, Kora and Quncho should be used under irrigation production both in non-traditional and traditional tef growing areas where the experiment was conducted and other similar agro ecological areas.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Jijiga Agricultural Faculty, Jijiga University, Jiiiga, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Mehoni, Ethiopia

  • Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Gondar Agricultural Research Center, Gonder, Ethiopia

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