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Impact of Salinity on Tolerance, Vigor, and Seedling Relative Water Content of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Cultivars
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2013
Pages:
22-27
Received:
24 August 2013
Published:
20 October 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20130103.11
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Abstract: A laboratory experiment was undertaken to evaluate the impact of salinity on seedling tolerance and vigor indices, phytotoxicity, and relative water content of haricot bean cultivars. Two haricot bean cultivars (Lehade and Chercher) and five salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16mM) were factorialy arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The result of the study revealed that no significant interaction effect between cultivars vs salinity treatments (p<0.05). However, cultivars differ significantly (p<0.05) on seedling and root vigor indices, shoot phytotoxicity, and relative water content of shoot and root. Lehade gave higher seedling, shoot and root vigor indices; whereas, Chercher gave relatively higher seedling tolerance index, and lower shoot and root phytotoxicity. The highest relative shoot and root water contents were recorded on Chercher compared to Lehade. The increase in NaCl concentrations significantly (p<0.05) decreased seedling, shoot, and root vigor indices; and the lowest vigor indices were observed on 16mM NaCl concentration. However, the phytotoxicity of shoot and root increased as the concentrations of NaCl increased; and the lowest value of phytotoxicity observed at control treatment and 2 mM, while the highest on 16mM. Significant negative relationships were observed between relative shoot (R2 = 0.896) and root (R² = 0.904) water contents, and salinity concentrations. In conclusion, cultivars varied genetically for their tolerance, and relative water content. The increase in salinity decreased vigor and tolerance indices, and relative water content; however increased phytotoxicity percentage of root and shoot of haricot bean.
Abstract: A laboratory experiment was undertaken to evaluate the impact of salinity on seedling tolerance and vigor indices, phytotoxicity, and relative water content of haricot bean cultivars. Two haricot bean cultivars (Lehade and Chercher) and five salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16mM) were factorialy arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three r...
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Visualization of Green and Red Leaf Structures in Flowering Pear Pyrus Calleryana Using Integrated Microscopy
Guichuan Hou,
Samuel S. Littlejohn
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2013
Pages:
28-32
Received:
20 September 2013
Published:
20 October 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20130103.12
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Abstract: Light and electron microscopy has become invaluable tools in plant science research and education. This project critically revisited both light and electron microscopy in the visualization of green and red leaves of flowering pear (Pyrus calleryana). Plant leaf color changes regularly occur in the fall, which is of both science and public interests. We used leaves of the flowering pear because this woody plant is commonly used in landscaping in many cities around the world. In order to visualize and compare the structures of green and red leaves, we prepared hand-sections from both green and red leaves. Sections were examined and imaged with a compound microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscope, respectively. Our data indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in the red leaf compared to that of the green leaf. Histological data also showed that the pigment, which is called anthocyanin and makes the leaf red, was located in the leaf palisade and sponge parenchyma cells. Scanning electron microscopy provided detailed cellular pattern and stomatal distribution on leaf lower surfaces. And transmission electron microscopy data clearly revealed the chloroplast ultrastructure in the green leaf and its derivative – gerontoplast structure in the red leaf. This study provides us a new microscopic viewing of the outstanding natural phenomenon in the leaf color change in flowering pear and the microscopic methods described in this paper are useful for plant science research and education in general.
Abstract: Light and electron microscopy has become invaluable tools in plant science research and education. This project critically revisited both light and electron microscopy in the visualization of green and red leaves of flowering pear (Pyrus calleryana). Plant leaf color changes regularly occur in the fall, which is of both science and public interests...
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Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis for Root Yield and Related Traits of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in South Ethiopia
Tewodros Mulualem,
Yared Dagne
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2013
Pages:
33-38
Received:
23 September 2013
Published:
30 October 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20130103.13
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Abstract: Ten promising and one respective local check of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes were tested at Areka, Bele and Goffa districts of southern Ethiopia during 2006-2007 growing seasons using RCBD with three replications. The objectives of the study were to examine the interrelationship of yield related characters and extent of their contribution to fresh root yield on cassava. The genotypic correlation between fresh root yield and number of vertical stem/plant, root girth, root diameter, weight of above ground plant parts and root dry weight was highly significant, while positive and significant phenotypic correlation was observed between root fresh yield plot and root girth, root length and diameter. Among these characters, roots diameter reflected the highest direct effect of (p=1.976) towards root fresh weight; while minimum was indicated by number of branches/plant (p=0.004). Number of vertical stem/plant, stem girth, weight of above ground plant parts and root dry weight had contribute to the root fresh weight. Therefore indirect selection for higher fresh root yield may be effective for improving these characters. This study suggests the relative higher value of residual effect (0.364) indicated more yield components should be considered in the future to account for the variation in cassava root yield.
Abstract: Ten promising and one respective local check of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes were tested at Areka, Bele and Goffa districts of southern Ethiopia during 2006-2007 growing seasons using RCBD with three replications. The objectives of the study were to examine the interrelationship of yield related characters and extent of their contri...
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Characterization of Protease Isolated from Root of Choreospondias Axillaries (Lapsi)
Shrawan Kumar Upadhyay,
Rubin Thapa Magar,
Chandan Jung Thapa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2013
Pages:
39-42
Received:
28 September 2013
Published:
10 November 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20130103.14
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Abstract: Choreospondias axillaries, locally called Lapsi is a dioecous, deciduous fruit bearing plant, with multiple daily uses. The protease was extracted with 0.1M phosphate buffer of pH 7 and then precipitated successively with TCA and ammonium sulfate. Thus obtained ammonium sulfate precipitated fraction of protease was characterized. The protease from root showed maximum activity at pH 10, temperature at 35°C. The optimum time of incubation was 15 minute. A bell shaped curve was obtained for the effect of enzyme concentration with optimum enzyme 50µg. The Km and Vmax value of root were 1.53nM and 52.91pmol/min.
Abstract: Choreospondias axillaries, locally called Lapsi is a dioecous, deciduous fruit bearing plant, with multiple daily uses. The protease was extracted with 0.1M phosphate buffer of pH 7 and then precipitated successively with TCA and ammonium sulfate. Thus obtained ammonium sulfate precipitated fraction of protease was characterized. The protease from ...
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Effect of Combination between Bioagents and Solarization on Management of Crown-and Stem-Rot of Egyptian Clover
Effat Abdel-Mageed Zaher,
KhairyAbdel-Maksoud Abada,
Marwa Abedl-Lateef Zyton
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2013
Pages:
43-50
Received:
30 September 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20130103.15
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Abstract: Fourteen isolates of Trichoderma sp. and eight isolates of Bacillus sp., isolated from a field has severe infection by stem and crown-rot of Egyptian clover plants were screened for their efficacy against the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary, the causal of crown and stem-rot of Egyptian clover, in vitro and in vivo. In general, Bacillus spp. were more efficient in reducing the radial growth of S.sclerotiorum than Trichoderma spp and the opposite was found in case of sclerotial germination. In addition, the isolates of B.thuringiensis and T.harzianum showed maximum percentages of radial growth inhibition and sclerotial viability. Meanwhile, isolates of B. pumilus and T.viride resulted in the lowest percentages of radial growth inhibition and sclerotial viability . The tested bioagents, i.e. B.thuringiensis-1 and T.harzianum-3 as well as soil solarization resulted in significant reduction to the severity of clover crown and stem-rot with significant increase to the green forage yield compared with control treatment. In addition, T.harzianum-3. was more efficient than B.thuringiensis-1 and solarization ,when each of them was applied alone. Moreover, the combination among B.thuringiensis-1 + T.harzianum-3 + solarization was the most efficient in this regard, which no apparent infection by crown and stem-rot was detected and the highest green forage yield was obtained. However, the combination between solarization and any of the tested bioagents was of intermediate effect in this regard.
Abstract: Fourteen isolates of Trichoderma sp. and eight isolates of Bacillus sp., isolated from a field has severe infection by stem and crown-rot of Egyptian clover plants were screened for their efficacy against the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary, the causal of crown and stem-rot of Egyptian clover, in vitro and in vivo. In general, Bacillus...
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