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Review Article
Complexities and Innovations in Orchid Germination: A Review of Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Techniques
Leen Al Zoubi*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
90-94
Received:
14 June 2024
Accepted:
1 July 2024
Published:
15 July 2024
Abstract: Orchidaceae is the second-largest family among flowering plants; one of the most fascinating characteristics is the morphology of the seed. One of the most important complications is that orchid seeds are tiny and lack endosperm, meaning they almost entirely depend on outside sources for nutrients while germinating or developing. The main objective of this review is to give a summary of the present methods being used in orchid germination, highlighting symbiotic and asymbiotic methods. Symbiotic germination requires interaction with mycorrhizal fungi, which provide the necessary nutrients and support for seedling growth. However, in asymbiotic approaches, controlled conditions are provided to promote germination by using nutrient-rich media. The article also highlights some of these advances that have taken place recently and ways that could be adopted to improve their effectiveness in the future. For example, the effectiveness and ability to grow orchids have improved due to recent developments in tissue culture and biotechnology. This study relies on applying the analytical approach to previous relevant studies on the subject. Nevertheless, further research is needed to refine these techniques and improve their usability in orchid conservation. To summarize, while significant progress has been achieved in understanding and enhancing orchid germination processes, further study and innovation are required. By resolving remaining issues and investigating new approaches, it may be possible to better assist orchid conservation and encourage the long-term cultivation of these wonderful plants.
Abstract: Orchidaceae is the second-largest family among flowering plants; one of the most fascinating characteristics is the morphology of the seed. One of the most important complications is that orchid seeds are tiny and lack endosperm, meaning they almost entirely depend on outside sources for nutrients while germinating or developing. The main objective...
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Research Article
Effects of Different Potting Mixture on Early Development of Afzelia quanzesis Welw. Species Seedlings
Monica Haruna Mahinya,
Deo Dominick Shirima*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
95-101
Received:
10 June 2024
Accepted:
26 June 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: Planting native plant species is becoming increasingly important as the world begins to realise the importance of restoring ecosystems, especially since many valuable species are on the brink of extinction due to human over-exploitation. Afzelia quanzensis Welw. is one of the valuable timber species, highly targeted in uncontrolled selective loggings, hence threatening its existence. This study assessed the effects of different potting mixtures on A. quanzensis early seed germination, which is an essential step for its mass propagation. Four different potting mixtures: T1 (forest soil, agricultural residues, tobacco, and cow manures), T2 (forest soil, tobacco manure), T3 (forest soil and cow manure), and T4 (forest soil and agricultural residues) were utilised. Employing a completely randomised design with each mixture replicated four times, the study monitored growth parameters, such as leaf count and seedling height, over one month. Results from two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test showed that forest soil and cow manure (T3) yielded the tallest plants and highest scores of leaf count. The study provides valuable insights for nursery managers and researchers working on the mass propagation of the A. quanzensis tree species for plantations in the region.
Abstract: Planting native plant species is becoming increasingly important as the world begins to realise the importance of restoring ecosystems, especially since many valuable species are on the brink of extinction due to human over-exploitation. Afzelia quanzensis Welw. is one of the valuable timber species, highly targeted in uncontrolled selective loggin...
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Research Article
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed rates on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat in the Irrigated Condition of South West Shewa, Central Highland of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
102-110
Received:
31 March 2024
Accepted:
15 April 2024
Published:
27 August 2024
Abstract: Inappropriate seed density and fertilizer management can lead to unstable crop yields. Excessive fertilizer application can potentially cause yield loss and nitrogen (N) leaching that leads to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal N application rate and seed rate on bread wheat with different nitrogen responding under irrigation condition at two experimental sites in the South West Shewa, Ethiopia. A year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of five N application rates (N0, N23, N46, N69, and N92) and three seed rates on bread wheat yield components like; - aboveground biomass, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of kernels per plant, grain yield and net return. The results showed that N application rate and seed rate were significantly interaction (P< 0.05) effect on aboveground biomass, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of kernels per plant and grain yield. Generally, spike length, number of tillers per plant and number of kernels per spike of wheat were increased with increased at some level in nitrogen fertilizer rate for the three seed rate at both locations. Highest number of kernels per spike (42.00, 44.00) and the highest mean above ground biomass yield (13.70 t ha-1, 7.5 t ha-1) were obtained for 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with 69 N kg ha-1 application at Ameya and Woliso sites respectively. The highest net benefit of 171531.88 EB ha-1 with marginal rate of return of 351.14% was obtained from 175 kg ha-1 seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha-1. Therefore, 175 kg ha-1 seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha-1 is economical feasible for bread wheat production at Ameya area and also the highest net benefit of 51675 EB ha-1 with marginal rate of return of 115.22% was obtained from 150 kg ha -1 seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha-1 at Woliso area.
Abstract: Inappropriate seed density and fertilizer management can lead to unstable crop yields. Excessive fertilizer application can potentially cause yield loss and nitrogen (N) leaching that leads to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal N application rate and seed rate on bread wheat with different nitrogen responding ...
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Report
Evaluation of Herbicides Efficacy against Weeds in Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Jimma Southwest, Ethiopia
Tigist Bidira Abera*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
111-115
Received:
16 April 2024
Accepted:
16 May 2024
Published:
27 August 2024
Abstract: Weeds are one of the most serious causes of economic losses in agricultural production. As a result weed completions contributes 60 to 80% yield losses in coffee under Jimma condition. Currently, expensiveness of weed management has been a principle issue in economic analysis of coffee production particularly in large scale farm in Ethiopia. Hence, evaluation of systemic herbicide with different mode of action is essential to effectively control dangerous weeds in coffee production system. The study was conducted in Jimma Agricultural Research Center in 2021 cropping season at Jimma Agricultural Research Center on Station to evaluate the efficacy of newly introduced herbicides (Fascinate 280SL at 3.3l/h, Jimila 480% SL at 3.0l/h and Proper 360 SL at 3.0l/ha) against major weeds in coffee. Tested herbicides (Fascinate 280SL, Jimila 480% SL and Proper 360 SL) were effectively controlled the noxious weeds infested coffee experimental plots. These herbicides also showed significant effect on inhibiting weed density over standard check. The herbicide were effective in controlling weeds in coffee safe for crops if applied at active growth stage of weeds following the instructions on technical guide line of herbicides properly. Therefore, the herbicides were recommended used as management option against weeds in coffee with the application rate mentioned above
Abstract: Weeds are one of the most serious causes of economic losses in agricultural production. As a result weed completions contributes 60 to 80% yield losses in coffee under Jimma condition. Currently, expensiveness of weed management has been a principle issue in economic analysis of coffee production particularly in large scale farm in Ethiopia. Hence,...
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Research Article
Selection of Genotypes for Enhancing Tef Productivity Through Farmers’ Participation in Potential Environments of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
116-121
Received:
12 July 2024
Accepted:
10 August 2024
Published:
27 August 2024
Abstract: Tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter is the main crop grown in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low compared to its potential yield. A multi-location trial was conducted to evaluate selected best-performing lines from previous trials in terms of stability and yield coupled with farmers’ opinions and preferences, aiming to identify superior lines. A total of twenty tef genotypes, including a standard and a local check were field evaluated using RCBD with four replications. The lines were grown in 4 m² plots across eight different locations in Ethiopia during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 cropping seasons. Additionally, an on-farm participatory variety evaluation involving 198 participants, comprising farmers and agricultural experts, was conducted during the 2019 cropping season. Phenological and agromorphological traits were collected and subjected to statistical analysis to identify the best genotypes. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant variation (at the 0.01% level) among genotypes, locations, and years for all traits except grain yield and days to maturity. While some genotypes produced comparable grain yields, none surpassed the standard check variety Negus. Additionally, Participatory variety selection was conducted during the crop maturity stage using the direct-matrix ranking method. Farmers sets their own selection criteria, these are crop stand, tillering capacity, panicle weight, lodging tolerance, culm strength, and pest infestation or infection. Based on their evaluation, the genotypes DZ-01-974 X GA-10-3 RIL 51, DZ-01-974 X GA-10-3 RIL 47 and DZ-01-974 X GA-10-3 RIL 68 were identified as farmers preferred varieties from direct matrix ranking evaluations and chosen for their performance in the field. Thus, this study highlights the feasibility of participatory variety selection in gaining insights into farmer’s perceptions, preferences, strengths and weaknesses of tef genotypes.
Abstract: Tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter is the main crop grown in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low compared to its potential yield. A multi-location trial was conducted to evaluate selected best-performing lines from previous trials in terms of stability and yield coupled with farmers’ opinions and preferences, aiming to identify superio...
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